Abstract

Ocular trauma is a leading cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness, particularly in younger populations. Traumatic cataract, a frequent complication of such injuries, presents significant diagnostic and surgical challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite surgical advancements, outcomes can vary depending on injury type, patient factors, and management strategies. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of cataract following ocular trauma, identify associated risk factors, evaluate different injury modes, analyze surgical management strategies, and assess visual outcomes post-surgery. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2025 at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. A total of 63 patients with ocular trauma were enrolled. Data on demographic profiles, injury types, risk factors, and use of protective gear were collected using structured questionnaires. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and were managed surgically using appropriate techniques including small incision cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, corneal tear repair, or pars plana vitrectomy with Intraocular lens implantation. Visual acuity was assessed preoperatively and at defined postoperative intervals, including 6 months follow-up. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v26.0. Results: Traumatic cataract was noted in (87.10%) 54 total patients. Males and individuals from rural backgrounds were more affected, though no significant associations with age, gender, or area of residence were found. The most common injury source was metallic objects (35.18%) for 19 patients. Closed globe injuries were more prevalent (61.90%). Most patients amongst 58 (92.06%) had not used protective gear. Preoperative visual acuity was <6/60 in 41 patients (75.92%) of cases. Postoperatively, a significant number achieved (best corrected visual acuity) BCVA>6/12 (7.40%) in 4 patients at 6 months. Posterior segment complications were infrequent but associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion: Traumatic cataract is a common, yet preventable consequence of ocular trauma. This study highlights that early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention significantly improve visual outcomes in affected patients. Public education on eye safety remains crucial. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and optimize care protocols.